TGF-β mimic proteins form an extended gene family in the murine parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus.

Helminth secretions induce de novo T cell Foxp3 expression and regulatory function through the TGF-β pathway

Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (T reg) cells have been implicated in parasite-driven inhibition of host immunity during chronic infection. We addressed whether parasites can directly induce T reg cells. Foxp3 expression was stimulated in naive Foxp3⁻ T cells in mice infected with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In vitro, parasite-secreted proteins (termed H. polygyrus excretor...

Cutting Edge: Heligmosomoides polygyrus Induces TLR4 on Murine Mucosal T Cells That Produce TGF after Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

MyD88 Signaling Inhibits Protective Immunity to the Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Helminth parasites remain one of the most common causes of infections worldwide, yet little is still known about the immune signaling pathways that control their expulsion. C57BL/6 mice are chronically susceptible to infection with the gastrointestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In this article, we report that C57BL/6 mice lacking the adapter protein MyD88, which mediates sign...

Novel O-linked methylated glycan antigens decorate secreted immunodominant glycoproteins from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Glycan molecules from helminth parasites have been associated with diverse biological functions ranging from interactions with neighbouring host cell populations to down-modulation of specific host immunity. Glycoproteins secreted by the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus are of particular interest as the excretory-secretory products (termed HES) of this parasite contain both heat-la...

Co - Infection with the Intestinal Nematode Heligmosomoides 1 Polygyrus Markedly Reduces Hepatic Egg - Induced 2 Immunopathology and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mouse 3 Models of Severe Schistosomiasis 4 5

24 Infection with the trematode helminth Schistosoma mansoni results in a parasite 25 egg-induced, CD4 T cell-mediated, hepato-intestinal granulomatous and fibrosing 26 inflammation that varies greatly in severity, with a higher frequency of milder 27 forms typically occurring in endemic regions. One possible explanation is that in 28 these regions the degree of inflammation is lessened by wide...